Equipment
Tankers equipment
What are tankers?
Ships that are used to deliver large quantities of liquefied cargo are called tankers. Liquefied cargoes can include both produced crude oil or refined petroleum products, as well as all other types of liquid cargoes such as alcohol, hydrogen-based organic compounds, chemicals and even juices. They also carry liquefied gaseous substances.
These tankers are equipped with modern technology and are available in many different sizes and capacities. Size variation is from small self-propelled barges to ultra large crude oil vessels. Of the total number of commercial ships in the world, about 30% are tankers.
Tankers are used to provide a suitable and safe mode of transport for these diverse liquid cargoes. Some of the world's longest vessels today are tankers.
The construction and technical arrangement of tanker ships is determined by the IMO (International Maritime Organization). These regulations have been amended periodically to ensure that the essential aspects of safety in the transport of liquids of a volatile nature are respected without any compromise.
Size and classes of tankers:
The size of tankers is measured in DWT, (tonnes deadweight) that they displace and according to their size they are classified as follows:
Seawaymax, Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax, VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) and ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carrier).
Tanker Product and Classes:
Tankers can carry any liquid bulk materials based on the material they are carrying, they are classified as follows:
Asphalt/Bitumen Carriers; Bunker tankers; Crude oil tankers; LNG/LPG tankers; Product tankers; Chemical tankers; Other tankers; etc.
Tankers are classified based on the type of cargo and the size of the vessel.
Some of the most commonly used tankers are:
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- Crude oil tanker
- Chemical tanker
- Product Tanker (Refined Petroleum - Gasoline, Diesel, Oils & Additives)
- Gas carrier
Tanker ships for transporting oil by sea are called "oil tankers".
Vessels that can transport gasoline, diesel, and all petroleum-based organic compounds from their distillation units to the necessary dispersion centers are called "product tankers."
The dead weight tonnage (DWT) determines the maximum capacity of the tanker.
Classification of tankers
Based on the above principle, tanker ships are mainly classified into:
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- Suezmax
- Panamax
- Aframax
- Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC)
- Handymax
- Capesize
- Ultra Large Crude Carrier (ULCC)
ULCCs or Ultra Large Crude Carriers are the largest oil tankers currently operating with DWT
ranging up to a maximum of around five hundred and fifty thousand tons. - The second largest type of crude oil and product tankers in service are VLCCs or Very Large Crude Carriers.
These ships have a maximum DWT of just over 300,000 tons.
Crude oil tankers and container tankers are also classified based on the important international waterways they can pass through.
They're like that:
Tankers that are built to pass smoothly through the Panama and Suez Canals are called Panamax and Suezmax respectively. The first ships have a DWT of up to 80,000 tons, while the later ones have a DWT ranging up to around 200,000 tons. After both canals underwent reconstruction and expansion, larger capacity tankers were built. These vessels are known as Post-Panamax and Post-Suezmax vessels.
Aframax tankers have a DWT of 80 to 120,000 tonnes and can access almost all port facilities in the world.
Gas carriers are purpose-built tankers that are used to transport liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
Loading and unloading of tanker and associated equipment in use
The operations that must be carried out when preparing the equipment for a transport course on the tanker:
1. Setting up lines and valves
2. Checking and adjusting the pressure valve
3. Proper safety against sudden pressure peaks
4. Proper check of throttle and check valves
5. Loading Procedures
6. Unloading Procedures
7. Cleaning of pipelines and hoses after all the listed operations
To its customers, Spectronic Ltd. can offer a specific solution according to a written request with specified parameters, so that all technical needs, deadlines for implementation and subsequent warranty and service are covered.
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